Rana temporaria is an “explosive breeding” frog, meaning that they reproduce in a brief window of the year, and thousands of frogs gather in one area at the same time. In these species, the males often significantly outnumber the females and harass and coerce them into amplexus, which is the technical term used for mating in amphibians. Research prior to Dittrich’s study suggested that female frogs in explosive breeding species are passive during the mating process, but she found the exact opposite.
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